Hello Dear Readers, Today in this post, I will provide some deep insight into the Signal Electromigration (Signal EM): Violations, Examples, and Practical Fixes. 1. Introduction: As technology nodes shrink into the deep‑submicron and nanometer regime (7nm, 5nm, 3nm and beyond), electromigration (EM) has become a first‑order reliability concern—not only for power/ground (PG) networks but also for signal nets. Signal EM failures are often underestimated because signal currents are transient and bidirectional. However, with higher switching activity, tighter metal pitches, thinner wires, and aggressive timing closure, signal EM can cause latent or early‑life failures if not addressed properly. This article explains: What Signal EM is and how it differs from PG EM Typical Signal EM violation scenarios Detailed, practical examples Root causes behind each violation Proven solutions and best practices to fix and prevent Signal EM issues 2. What is Signal Electromigration: El...
Hello Dear Readers, Vicharak has a vacancy for a Hardware Design Engineer role. Vicharak , they are fervent about the realm of electronics and semiconductors. We believe in the monumental impact of each innovation, from the inception of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1947 to today's billion-transistor processors, shaping the evolution of technology. Our mission? To pioneer groundbreaking products that redefine the possibilities within the semiconductor industry. What We Offer: If you're an electronics enthusiast passionate about soldering, delving into chip-level debugging, and embarking on thrilling projects, this internship is tailor-made for you. Join us to gain hands-on experience in diverse facets of electronics. What You'll Learn: Dive into an array of essential topics in electronics, including but not limited to: Circuit Networks: KVL, KCL, RL, RC, RLC, Thévenin's and Norton's Theorems, Superposition, Mesh Analysis Power Supplies: Rectifiers, Regulator...