Hello Dear Readers, Today in this post, I will provide some deep insight into the Signal Electromigration (Signal EM): Violations, Examples, and Practical Fixes. 1. Introduction: As technology nodes shrink into the deep‑submicron and nanometer regime (7nm, 5nm, 3nm and beyond), electromigration (EM) has become a first‑order reliability concern—not only for power/ground (PG) networks but also for signal nets. Signal EM failures are often underestimated because signal currents are transient and bidirectional. However, with higher switching activity, tighter metal pitches, thinner wires, and aggressive timing closure, signal EM can cause latent or early‑life failures if not addressed properly. This article explains: What Signal EM is and how it differs from PG EM Typical Signal EM violation scenarios Detailed, practical examples Root causes behind each violation Proven solutions and best practices to fix and prevent Signal EM issues 2. What is Signal Electromigration: El...
Hello Dear Readers, Currently, after succeeding up to this today, I will start new NPTEL courses per VLSI and ECE branch job profiles. So let's start with today's RTL/FPGA engineer profiles courses. 1. HARDWARE MODELING USING VERILOG: Coordinators: PROF. INDRANIL SENGUPTA Department of Computer Science and Engineering IIT Kharagpur INTENDED AUDIENCE: CSE, ECE, EE PRE-REQUISITES: Basic concepts in digital circuit design, Familiarity with a programming language like C or C++ INDUSTRIES APPLICABLE TO: Intel, Cadence, Mentor Graphics, Synopsys, Xilinx COURSE OUTLINE: The course will introduce the participants to the Verilog hardware description language. It will help them to learn various digital circuit modeling issues using Verilog, writing test benches, and some case studies. ABOUT INSTRUCTOR: Prof. Indranil Sengupta has obtained his B.Tech., M.Tech. and Ph.D. degrees in Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) from the University of Calcutta. H...