Skip to main content

Signal Electromigration (Signal EM): Violations, Examples, and Practical Fixes

  Hello Dear Readers,   Today in this post, I will provide some deep insight into the Signal Electromigration (Signal EM): Violations, Examples, and Practical Fixes. 1. Introduction: As technology nodes shrink into the deep‑submicron and nanometer regime (7nm, 5nm, 3nm and beyond), electromigration (EM) has become a first‑order reliability concern—not only for power/ground (PG) networks but also for signal nets. Signal EM failures are often underestimated because signal currents are transient and bidirectional. However, with higher switching activity, tighter metal pitches, thinner wires, and aggressive timing closure, signal EM can cause latent or early‑life failures if not addressed properly. This article explains: What Signal EM is and how it differs from PG EM Typical Signal EM violation scenarios Detailed, practical examples Root causes behind each violation Proven solutions and best practices to fix and prevent Signal EM issues 2. What is Signal Electromigration: El...
Post a Comment

Static Timing Analysis Practice Questions

 Hello Dear Readers, 

Today I have designed this page for doing exercises regarding STA-related Questions.

Q-1:

The circuit in Fig. 1. is the internal layout of a custom-built chip. The tpd for each gate is listed below it. The delays for the register are all the same and listed in the lower right corner. What is the Maximum Clock Frequency of the below gate-level netlist?

Fig. 1






Solution:






Q-2:

For each of the following circuits: 
 (i). Calculate the worst-case pin-to-pin combinational delay, clock-to-output delay, and register-to-register delay. 
   (ii). Use this data to find the maximum clock frequency. 
  (iii). Calculate tsu and thd for the external inputs.
Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Q-3: Are Setup and Hold times of the flip-flop is intrinsic parameters or design parameters.

Q-4: Setup and Hold times of the flip-flop are controllable or not, explain your answer.

Here I will upload more as I will come across any good questions. Thanks for reading 


Connect with me 










Comments

  1. Anonymous30 November 2021 at 20:37

    Incredible your posts but if you will provide answer then it will be helpful. Please keep it up

    ReplyDelete
  2. Anonymous30 November 2021 at 20:55

    Yes bro please upload answer also will be more beneficial for us. I hope you will consider it and work on it. Best wishes.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Anonymous30 November 2021 at 22:26

    Amazing posts you are always come with more excitements hope you will also coming with answers.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Anonymous16 December 2021 at 07:26

    Questions are so much good level but please provide solution also will be helpful to us.

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Exploring the Role of LEF Files in VLSI Chip Design: A Beginner's Guide

Hello Dear Readers,   Today in this post, I will provide some deep insight into the LEF file role during the VLSI Chip Design process. In VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design, a LEF file is a file that contains information about the physical geometry of the standard cells used in a circuit. LEF stands for Library Exchange Format. A standard cell is a pre-designed logic cell that contains a specific function, such as a flip-flop or an AND gate. Standard cells are designed to be easily combinable and scalable to create more complex circuits. The physical geometry of each standard cell is defined in the LEF file. The LEF file contains information such as the width, height, and position of the pins and metal layers of each standard cell. It also contains information about the physical design rules that govern the placement of these cells on the chip. LEF files are important in VLSI design because they enable the interoperability of different design tools from different vend...
4 comments
Read more

Best Book for Designing Microarchitecture of Microprocessor Using Verilog HDL

  Hello Dear Readers, Currently, after succeeding in many topics now I starting to provide technical book reviews which were I have completed and still read books always. So let us start today's book review. Book Name:   Computer Principles and Design in Verilog  HDL Description:  Uses Verilog HDL to illustrate computer architecture and microprocessor design, allowing readers to readily simulate and adjust the operation of each design, and thus build industrially relevant skills Introduces the computer principles, computer design, and how to use Verilog HDL (Hardware Description Language) to implement the design Provides the skills for designing processor/arithmetic/cpu chips, including the unique application of Verilog HDL material for CPU (central processing unit) implementation Despite the many books on Verilog and computer architecture and microprocessor design, few, if any, use Verilog as a key tool in helping a student to understand these design techniques...
3 comments
Read more

RTL Design Engineer at Skyroot Aerospace

Hello, Dear Readers, Skyroot Aerospace has a vacancy for the RTL Design Engineer role. About Skyroot Aerospace: A cutting-edge startup founded by ex-ISRO scientists. Dedicated to affordable space access, we're rewriting aerospace technology rules. Our dynamic team fosters inventiveness, collaboration, and relentless excellence. Join us on a transformative journey to redefine space possibilities. Welcome to the forefront of space innovation with Skyroot Aerospace! Purpose of role: Understand architectural requirements and Design micro-architecture, implement design blocks using VHDL/Verilog for FPGA based Avionics packages for orbital launch vehicles and ground infrastructure. Job Requirements: 2+ Years of RTL and system design experience. Strong knowledge on Digital System Design (DSD). Strong knowledge of RTL/SoC design/integration with VHDL/Verilog. Strong knowledge in problem solving and debugging skills. Ability to understand architectural requirements and Design micro-archite...
Post a Comment
Read more